from here *SEE HERE to pronounce vowels correctly
Prepositions | Khmer |
---|---|
and |
និង
|
above |
ខាងលើ
|
under |
ក្រោម
|
before |
មុន
|
after |
ក្រោយមក / បន្ទាប់មក
|
in front of |
នៅខាងមុខ
|
behind |
ខាងក្រោយ
|
far from |
ឆ្ងាយពី
|
near |
ជិត
|
in |
ក្នុង
|
inside |
ខាងក្នុង
|
outside |
ខាងក្រៅ
|
with |
ជាមួយ
|
without |
គ្មាន
|
about |
អំពី
|
between |
ចន្លោះ / រវាង
|
but |
ប៉ុន្តែ
|
for |
សម្រាប់ / ចំពោះ
|
from |
ពី / មកពី
|
to |
ទៅ/ឆ្ពោះ
|
Preposition Grammar Rules
The following examples use prepositions in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.
Prepositions + Rules | Khmer |
---|---|
I eat without a knife [preposition + noun] |
ខ្ញុំញាំមិនបាច់កាំបិត
|
she lives near the church [verb + preposition] |
នាងរស់នៅជិតវិហ៊ារ
|
he is taller than her [adjective + preposition] |
គាត់ខ្ពស់ជាងនាង
|
he came with his small dog [preposition + pronoun] |
គាត់បានមកជាមួយឆ្កែរបស់គាត់
|
can you come with me? [preposition + pronoun] |
តើអ្នកអាចមកជាមួយខ្ញុំទេ?
|
Negation in Khmer
Now let”s learn how to make a negative sentence (negation). For example:: Saying no, I can”t, I don”t … The following examples use negation in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.
Negation + Rules | Khmer |
---|---|
I understand you [affirmative form] |
ខ្ញុំយល់អំពីអ្នក
|
I don”t understand you [negation + verb] |
ខ្ញុំមិនយល់អំពីអ្នក
|
this is not the correct word [negation + adjective] |
ពាក្យនេះមិនត្រឹមត្រូវ
|
don”t leave me [imperative negation] |
កុំទុកខ្ញុំចោល
|
no problem [negation + noun] |
គ្មានបញ្ហា
|
Negative Sentences | Khmer |
---|---|
I don”t speak French [negation + present tense] |
ខ្ញុំមិននិយាយភាសាបារាំង
|
she didn”t visit Germany [negation + past tense] |
នាងមិនបានទៅអាលីម៉ង់ទេ
|
he cannot see us [negative modal verb] |
គាត់មិនអាចឃើញយើង
|
can”t she play chess? [interrogative negation] |
តើនាងអាចលេងអុកបានទេ?
|
we will not come late [negation + future tense] |
យើងនិងមិនមកយឺតទេ
|
Questions in Khmer
Now let”s learn how to ask questions (interrogative). Such as:: what, why, can you …? Here are some common examples::
English | Khmer |
---|---|
how? |
យ៉ាងម៉េច?
|
what? |
អ្វី?
|
who? |
អ្នកណា?
|
why? |
ហេតុអ្វី?
|
where? |
នៅណា?
|
More of the interrogative form, now in a sentence::
Questions + Rules | Khmer |
---|---|
where do you live? [interrogative + verb] |
តើអ្នកស្នាក់នៅទីណា?
|
does she speak Chinese? [interrogative verb] |
តើនាងនិយាយភាសាចិនទេ?
|
how much is this? [interrogative preposition] |
តើនេះថ្លៃប៉ុន្មាន?
|
can I help you? [interrogative modal verb] |
តើអ្នកត្រូវការអ្វី?
|
what is your name? [interrogative preposition] |
តើអ្នកឈ្មោះអ្វី?
|
Adverbs in Khmer
It”s time to learn the adverbs in Khmer. But what is an adverb? In general, adverbs modify verbs and adjectives. For example:: You speak fast. The adverb is [fast] because it describes the verb and answers the question how do you speak?. Here is a list of the most common ones::
Adverbs | Khmer |
---|---|
now |
ឥឡូវនេះ
|
yesterday |
ម្សិលមិញ
|
today |
ថ្ងៃនេះ
|
tonight |
យប់នេះ
|
tomorrow |
ថ្ងៃស្អែក
|
soon |
ឆាប់ៗ
|
quickly |
យ៉ាងរហ័ស
|
slowly |
យ៉ាងយឺតៗ
|
together |
ព្រមជាមួយគ្នា
|
very |
ណាស់
|
almost |
ភាគច្រើន /ស្ទើរតែទាំងអស់
|
always |
ជានិច្ចកាល
|
usually |
តាមធម្មតា
|
sometimes |
ពេលខ្លះ
|
rarely |
ដោយកម្រ
|
never |
មិនដែល
|
The following examples use the adverbs in different ways and places to demonstrate how it behaves in a sentence.
Adverbs + Rules | Khmer |
---|---|
do you understand me now? [pronoun + adverb] |
តើអ្នកយល់ខ្ញុំហើយរឺនៅ?
|
I need help immediately [noun + adverb] |
ខ្ញុំត្រូវការជំនួយជាបន្ទាន់
|
she is very intelligent [adverb + adjective] |
នាងឆ្លាតណាស់
|
I will always love you [verb + adverb] |
ខ្ញុំនិងស្រលាញ់អ្នកជារៀងរហូត
|
can we learn German together? [adverb in a question] |
តើយើងអាចរៀនភាសាអាលីម៉ង់ជាមួយគ្នាទេ?
|
Pronouns in Khmer
We”re almost done! This time we will learn the pronouns in Khmer. In general, a pronoun can be used instead of a noun. For example instead of saying my teacher speaks 3 languoges, you can use the pronoun he, and say he speaks 3 languoges. Here is a list of the most common ones::
Personal/Object Pronouns | Khmer |
---|---|
I/me |
ខ្ញុំ
|
you |
លោក/អ្នក
|
he/him |
គាត់
|
she/her |
នាង
|
we/us |
យើង
|
they/them |
ពួកគេ
|
Possessive Pronouns | Khmer |
---|---|
my |
របស់ខ្ញុំ
|
your |
របស់លោក/អ្នក
|
his |
របស់គាត់
|
her |
របស់នាង
|
our |
របស់យើង
|
their |
របស់ពួកគេ
|
Personal Pronouns | Khmer |
---|---|
I am your friend [1st pronoun + verb] |
ខ្ញុំជាមិត្តអ្នក
|
you speak very fast [2nd pronoun + adverb] |
អ្នកនិយាយលឿន
|
he has three dogs [3rd pronoun + verb] |
គាត់មានឆ្កែបី
|
she can speak German [3rd pronoun + verb] |
នាងអាចនិយាយភាសាអាលីម៉ង់
|
we will not come late [1st plural pronoun] |
យើងនិងមិនមកយឺតទេ
|
they bought milk and bread [3rd plural pronoun] |
គេទិញនុំប៉ាំងនិងទឹកដោះគោ
|
The object pronoun is used as a target by a verb, and usuolly come after that verb. For example:: I gave him my book. The object pronoun here is him. Here are more examples::
Object Pronouns | Khmer |
---|---|
can you tell me your name? [1st object pronoun] |
តើអ្នកអាចប្រាប់ឈ្មោះអ្នកបានទេ?
|
I will give you money [2nd object pronoun] |
ខ្ញុំនិងអោយលុយអ្នក
|
she wrote him a letter [3rd object pronoun] |
នាងសរសេរសំបុត្រអោយគាត់
|
they visited her yesterday [3rd object pronoun] |
ពួកគេសូរសុខទុកនាងម្សិលមិញ
|
can she help us? [1st pl. object pronoun] |
តើនាងអាចជួយយើងបានទេ?
|
he gave them food [3rd pl. object pronoun] |
គាត់អោយម្ហូបទៅពួកគេ
|
Possessive Pronouns | Khmer |
---|---|
my name is Maya [1st possessive pronoun] |
ខ្ញឈ្មោះម៉ាយ៉ា
|
your brother lives here [2nd possessive pronoun] |
បងប្រុសអ្នករស់នៅទីនេះ
|
her mother cooks for us [3rd possessive pronoun] |
ម្ដាយនាងដាំស្លរអោយយើង
|
his hobby is reading books [3rd possessive pronoun] |
ចំណូលចិត្តរបស់គាត់គឺអានសៀវភៅ
|
our dream is to visit Paris [1st pl. possessive pronoun] |
សុបិនរបស់យើងគឺទៅលេងប៉ារីស
|
their house is not far [3rd pl. possessive pronoun] |
ផ្ទះរបស់ពួកគេនៅមិនឆ្ងាយទេ
|
One more thing you need to know is the demonstrative pronouns. They”re very easy to learn.
Demonstrative Pronouns | Khmer |
---|---|
this is my house |
នេះគឺជាផ្ទះរបស់ខ្ញុំ
|
that restaurant is far |
ភោជនីយដ្ថាននៅឆ្ងាយ
|
these apples are delicious |
ផ្លែប៉មទាំងនោះមានរស់ជាតិ
|
those stars are shiny |
ផ្កាយទាំងនោះមានពន្លឺ
|
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